Sau một thời gian tham gia đọc bài trên diễn đàn Lý học Đông phương, Nhất Chi Mai rất mong muốn cùng mọi thành viên khác có quan tâm tạo ra một Tự điển Lịch sử Việt - Anh, và dựa vào đó biên soạn lại, ta có luôn phiên bản Anh - Việt. Nếu thành công, bộ Tự điển Lịch sử này có thể giúp chúng ta dịch các tài liệu nghiên cứu bằng tiếng Việt qua tiếng Anh mang tính học thuật và chuyên nghiệp hơn, và ngược lại, chúng ta cũng có thể chuyển ngữ các tài liệu lịch sử bằng tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt sử dụng những từ Hán Việt hay từ chuyên ngành chính xác hơn.

NCM tìm trên Google "Tự điển Lịch sử Việt - Anh" thì chưa thấy có, nhưng nếu đã có rồi thì các bạn/cô/chú giới thiệu cho NCM với nhé, và mình có thể cùng nhau bổ sung thêm nếu còn thiếu.

Thời kỳ đồ đá: Paleolithic, Stone age

Thời kỳ đồ đá mới: Neolithic

Vượn người: anthropoid, anthropoid ape

Nhà khảo cổ học: archaeologist

Người nguyên thủy: primitive human beings

Bầy người nguyên thủy: primitive commune

Ngai vàng: throne

18 đời vua Hùng Vương: 18 lines of descent of Hung Kings

Lạc hầu: civilian chief

Lạc tướng: military chief

Quí tộc: aristocracy

Cộng đồng, công xã (không cùng huyết thống): commune

Thị tộc (cùng huyết thống): clan

Người đứng đầu bản mường/ công xã/ thị tộc: village leader/ commune leader/ clan leader

Nền văn minh lúa nước: Wet-rice civilization

Thị tộc: clan

Bộ lạc: tribe

Tù trưởng: chieftain

Triều đại: reign

Chủ quyền: sovereignty

Nghề nông (bao gồm cả trồng trọt và chăn nuôi): husbandry

Di vật: relic

Quan lại: mandarins

Thái ấp, đất phong: feud

Chế độ phong kiến: feudalism

Quan lại phong kiến: feudal mandarins

Chế độ mẫu hệ/ phụ hệ: matriarchy/ patriarchy

Một số danh từ riêng:

Vịnh Bắc Bộ: Tonkin Gulf

Đồng bằng sông Hồng: Red River Delta/ Hồng River Delta

Động Đình hồ: Dongting lake

Sông Dương Tử: Yangtze river

Nhà Tần: Qin dynasty

Tần Thủy Hoàng: Qin Shi Huang

Tứ Xuyên: Sichuan

Một số địa danh TQ gần với Việt Nam:

Quảng Đông: Guangdong

Quảng Tây: Guangxi

Vân Nam: Yunnan

Côn Minh: Kunming

To grasp this understanding of the heavens, picture the solar system as a two-dimensional image viewed from above the earth north pole. Consider only the sun, the moon and the 5 visible planets. Mercury (Thủy Tinh), Venus (Kim Tinh), Mars (Hỏa Tinh), Saturn (Thổ Tinh), Jupiter (Mộc Tinh) are traced counterclockwise orbit around the earth. Earth rotates counterclockwise around its own axis. Next, imagine the visible stars as a sphere surrounding the solar system. This dome remains still as the planets orbit the sun the the moon orbits the earth. The earth imaginary axis defines the North Star (sao Tử Vi) roughtly at the center of the northern hemisphere of stars. Although for the Tử Vi astronomers, this was more than just an axis. It was the axis that defines cung Sửu and cung Mùi, where the sun and the moon meets (Thái Dương & Thái Âm đồng cung).

Since the earth orbits the sun in the same direction as other 5 planets, the sun appears to move counterclockwise around the earth against the background of the steller dome. Due to the earth's daily counterclockwise rotation around its axis and yearly counterclockwise orbit around the sun, the dome of the stars appears to revolve around the pole star in the clockwise motion.

As the astronomers observe, they discovere that at midnight (giờ Tý), during the new moon (first day of the month), the moon lies between the earth and the sun (Thái Dương & Thái Âm đồng cung tại cung Sửu) and in the month of the winter solstice (ngày đông chí), the handle of the big dipper pointed to the branch Tý direction due North. In each succeeding two hour period, the handle of the dipper point to each of the corresponding directions, which is the branch Sửu.

With that rule of nightly rotation, we can clearly see that the our ancient Tử Vi astronomers had created the rule of the stars Văn khúc, 1 of the stars in the Big Dipper, to start at the branch Thìn due to the winter solstice move clockwise every 2 hours.

Sao Văn Khúc - từ cung Thìn kể là giờ Tý, tính thuận đến giờ sinh an sao Văn Khúc.

1st Law of Thermodynamics (the Law of Conservation of Matter). Where did Space, Time, Matter, and Energy come from? Next, how did this explosion / "expansion" cause order while every explosion ever observed and documented in history caused only disorder and chaos?

2nd Law of Thermodynamics : Consequently, the Big Bang seemingly violates the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (the Law of Increased Entropy). What organized the universe after the singularity?

Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum: Besides conflicting with the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics, the Big Bang Theory contradicts the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. For example, how does the Big Bang Theory explain "Retrograde Motion" (the backward spin of some planets and the backward orbits of some moons) without violating the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum?

Everything in the universe is spinning - planets, stars, galaxies, etc. It would take an enormous amount of energy to start a planet spinning. To solve this, advocates of the Big Bang Theory claim that the singularity that blew up in a sudden big bang was spinning before it exploded, thus everything within it was spinning as it flung out. The problem is Venus, Uranus, and Pluto are spinning backwards (Retrograde Motion). If something spinning clockwise blows up, all of the pieces will be spinning clockwise (the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum). The Big Bang explains Retrograde Motion as cosmic impacts on planets that have stopped and then reversed the spin. This is not acceptable, since many small impacts would be largely self-defeating, and the force of impact necessary to stop and reverse the spin of a planet all at once is incredible, so much so it would certainly leave a mark -- probably take a huge chunk out of the planet! At the very least, it would upset the orbit. Yet Venus has a retrograde spin and is nearly flawless in both its shape and orbit.

Besides the significant problem of retrograde spin, some natural satellites have a retrograde orbit around their planet. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have satellites orbiting in both directions. Once again, how can Big Bang cosmologists solve this dilemma without violating the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum?

Also, the Big Bang Theory contradicts observed phenomena. For example, the Big Bang Theory is unable to explain uneven distribution of matter throughout the universe resulting in galactic "voids" and "clumps". If the Big Bang was true, all matter would be (roughly) evenly distributed.

In the universe, there are too many “large scale structures” to form in a time as short as 10-20 billion years, as suggested by the Big Bang Theory. Also, when observing globular clusters (groups of tens of thousands, to one million stars), they appear older than the universe, which falsifies the Big Bang Theory. Finally, there are contradictions between the Big Bang Theory, and thoughts of various religions.

Flatness: In the universe, according to Einstein’s equation, any deviation from flatness in an expanding universe filled with matter or radiation only gets bigger as the universe expands. So any tiny deviation from flatness at a much earlier time would have grown very large by now. If the deviation from flatness is very small now, there must have been an immeasurable small amount of deviation at the start of the Big Bang. Today, there is a very small amount of deviation from the flat spatial geometry. As there is a bit of spatial curvature, it signifies that there must have been an immeasurably small amount of curvature during the time that the Big Bang occurred. However, according to the Big Bang Theory, there was no deviation of spatial curvature, and thus contradicts the Big Bang Theory.

Horizon: Cosmic microwave backgrounds is the cooled remains of the radiation density from the radiation – dominated phase of the Big Bang. Observations of the cosmic microwave background show that it is incredibly smooth in all directions, and thus it is highly isotropic in thermal radiation. This temperature is at 2.73K (Kelvin). Radiation can be very uniform by the photons being mixed around a lot, or thermalized, through particle collisions. However, this is a problem in the Big Bang Theory, since photons cannot move information faster than the speed of light, but the photons cannot move across the universe in time to account for the observed isotropy in the thermal radiation. This contradicts the Big Bang, as there is equal distribution in thermal radiation.

Magnetic: According to relativity, the Big Bang would have needed to create lots of magnetic monopoles to create the results we see today. A magnetic monopole is like a magnet with only one pole. However, so far, physicists have been unable to find even one magnetic monopole. This gives questions on the Big Bang model to look for another explanation of what could have happened.

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If you can resolve the above conflicts, I will be more than happy to discuss more. As for now, I will just stick with the law "ADNH"

Xi xon

Nguyen Vu Tuan Anh

Center of Research Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology

Knowledge bequeathed by the ancients of application methods in Ancient Oriental academy will be useful and effective means, an available knowledge for us to open the door to the secret of the universe.(*)

The Oriental culture with a huge heritage is bequeathed in human’s cultural treasure. From astronomy, numeric calendar, medicine, foretelling, feng shui… are applied effectively over millenniums in the Oriental people’s lives. It has brought the Orient’s prosperity while the West remains in "Long night in Middle Age".

But it can be said what we have acquired in the Oriental cultural heritage so far is only application methods. What theoretic and practical principles create awareness to have such principles are still very ambiguous. The Oriental civilization still challenges contemporary human’s intelligence by its mystery.

Today, with a standstill of the top values of human’s knowledge in discovering secrets of the universe, some of the most excellent scientists have had a reserved view of the Oriental civilization in discovering its secrets. They have just had connection in the nature of phenomenon and have not yet set forth any comments on it. It can be confirmed that although some of academic values of Ancient Orient have received negative point of view, the existence over millenniums and effectiveness in the Ancient Oriental social become the most convincible proofs of objectiveness as reflecting its potential truth.

Therefore, deciphering secrets in ancient Oriental culture, especially Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology is very necessary and basic for development of human’s knowledge in the future.

Methodology of Ancient Oriental academy.

As adopting application methods of Ancient Oriental academy – e.g. Oriental medicine – we are very astonished at ambiguous concepts such as the six kinds ourather (六氣), five movements (五运), cloaca and pulses and acupuncture spot ways, etc. Although we do not know anything about them, yet they seem to be effective as applying their methods such as diagnosis by feeling pulse, acupuncture, etc. If we promptly consider it superstition and beliefs just because we do not understand about it, it is probably the most infantile and obscure in terms myntelligence. If it is belief, it must have idol symbol, even though such idol is only a foot of a banian-tree, lime pot or a roadside crumpled temple. But methods of Ancient Oriental academy herein exist by their own values. Their own values are their effective existence over thousands of years in the Oriental people’s lives. It can be said that no scientific theory can stand firm on its own over millenniums like that. Therefore, discovering and proving the real scientism with content of this concept are well justified. Moreover, the fact shows that the knowledge of the contemporary science has not yet discovered thoroughly realities in the universe and in our lives. Therefore, we totally have grounds for raising issues of unknown realities that have been discovered and founded by knowledge in Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology and this knowledge has been made it become concept by terminologies, reflecting unknown realities.

One thing should be noted, that is,:

Most of methodologies in the huge application methods of the Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology - from astronomy, numeric calendar, feng shui, medicine, forecast ….for each detail involving in life and human being – have mentioned Yin and Yang theory and Five element theory and also linking with bagua (eight symbols).

This is the real basis to affirm that:

It is Yin and Yang theory and Five element theory that are theoretic bases and premise principle of all application methods of the Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology. And this principle is consequence of real awareness undiscovered by man.

The issue is:

With a reality unknown by contemporary people’s knowledge and shown by a certain concept from awareness of the ancients, it is essential that we cannot understand contents of such concept.

Therefore, the next issue is:

Which reality has became aware to be the Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology?

The essential reasonableness is that methodologies applying Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology in application methods must be consequence of their theoretic principle. There would not be possible to have a rocket before theory of reaction engine. Therefore, it is totally reasonable and scientific – when we recover the entire Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology and reality creating premise awareness of such principle - from application methods and methodology with its ambiguous concepts.

The universe in the mystery of Oriental culture.

Contemporary science has developed quickly in comparison with previous centuries in terms of seeing and knowing the universe. The people was very proud of contemporary knowledge obtained. People has placed their martial footsteps on the moon, ending all romantic legends of Phoebe over millenniums. This has placed the scientific knowledge in the predominant position in the people’s knowledge. Contemporary scientific knowledge of today is closer to reality than yesterday. But it cannot be knowledge of reality of tomorrow or the future. It can be affirmed that:

The scientific knowledge of today is not the final truth even though it is recognized by any methodology.

- It, of course, includes the most strictly scientific standards and this article was written in the name of science. As being person interested in contemporary scientific theories, you will definitely acknowledge that the contemporary scientific knowledge has reached impasse in discovering the origin of the universe. It exactly reaches the ceiling of time. Some scientists have a look at the mysterious Oriental culture. They were astonished as relating the most contemporary scientific theories to values of the Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology. But they covered only the relation of phenomenon. The Oriental culture remains secret grandiosely and imposingly to challenge the scientific knowledge with proudness of contemporary man.

The existence of application methods in the Ancient Oriental academy over thousands of years in reality cannot be rebutted. Therefore, we can find out the reasonableness only when we think that:

The Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology is awareness of ancient knowledge on unknown realities in the universe. It has expressed realities that it can recognize by its concepts. The secret of the Oriental culture is that the contemporary scientific knowledge does not know what reality creates these concepts.

It is essential that we do not know what reality creates the concept in the Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology, then we cannot understand what such concept expresses. This is a very important reason for the grandiose mystery of the Principle of Ancient Oriental Astrology.