Sách Mới

Sách mới

Nguồn [ diendantheky.net, 29/06/2012 , Tu Thuc ]

Nhu cầu phẫn nộ

Cuốn sách mỏng của S.Hessel, do một nhà xuất bản bỏ túi, Indigènes, ở Montpellier, miền Nam nước Pháp (trong khi sinh hoạt văn hóa tập trung ở Paris), không một dòng quảng cáo, mới đầu bán ở những tiệm sách tỉnh lẻ, dần dần nhờ truyền miệng, trở thành một hiện tượng văn hoá xã hội, được dịch trên 30 thứ tiếng trên khắp thế giới từ Arhentina đến Hàn Quốc, bán chạy nhất trong hơn một năm qua 3,5 triệu bản ( ở Tây Ban Nha 500 ngàn bản, ở Đức 500 ngàn bản, ở Ý 150 ngàn bản…giá 5 đến 8 usd tùy nơi).

Hessel từ chối nhận bản quyền, và nhà xuất bản hứa sẽ dùng số tiền bán sách để in những tác phẩm có thể giúp cải thiện xã hội.

Những tay nhà nghề trong giới ấn loát lắc đầu chịu thua : cuốn sách đứng đầu các danh sách best sellers từ gần một năm nay không phải là tác phẩm của những nhà văn ăn khách như Houellebecq, Jardin, Delerm, không phải là tiểu sử tài tử show biz, không phải sách dạy cách ăn uống cho khỏi mập, không phải là một chuyện tình ướt át, hay một tiết lộ động trời, thật hay bịa, không nói về cuộc đời tình ái náo nhiệt của DSK. Đó là cuốn sách rất khô khan của một ông già gần trăm tuổi hô hào dân chúng nổi giận, hô hào thanh niên đừng thụ động như những ông cụ non.

Hessel không phải là triết gia, không phải là nhà văn, cuốn sách rất mỏng của ông không phải là một tác phẩm lớn, nhưng cuốn “Indignez-vous” bán chạy như bánh mì, vì nó đáp ứng một nhu cầu người ta tưởng là thứ yếu: nhu cầu phẫn nộ

Người ta mua tặng quà cho nhau nhân ngày Giáng sinh, ngày sinh nhật, trong đó nhiều người chưa hề mua, chưa từng mở một cuốn sách. Những phong trào phẫn nộ (les indignés) đã lan sang nhiều nước Âu Châu, như Hy Lạp, Tây Ban Nha (les indignalos) , hay phong trào Occupy Wall Street ở New-York, trước cửa những ngân hàng thủ phạm của cuộc khủng hoảng kinh tế làm thế giới điêu đứng.

Hessel là người suốt đời nổi giận. Sinh năm 1917 ở Đức, gốc Do Thái, quốc tịch Pháp đã tham gia kháng chiến chống phát xít Đức. Bị bắt giam ở nhà tù phát xít nổi tiếng Buchenwald, bị kết án tử hình, ông tráo căn cước của một người tù vừa chết bị án nhẹ hơn và vượt ngục. Sau chiến tranh, ông trở thành đại sứ của Pháp ở Liên Hiệp Quốc và tham dự việc soạn thảo bản Tuyên ngôn Nhân quyền. Về hưu, ông già Hessel là một khuôn mặt quen thuộc trong những cuộc biểu tình cho nhân quyền, biểu tình bênh vực người di dân, bênh vực Palestine mặc dầu ông gốc Do Thái. Ở đâu có phẫn nộ, có bất công, ở đó có ông già Hessel.

Sau khi cuốn Indignez-vous! trở thành một hiện tương xã hội, người ta trách tác giả chỉ xúi thiên hạ nổi giận mà không có đề nghị gì cụ thể, Hessel viết một cuốn sách mỏng khác : Engagez-vous (2) (Hãy tham gia hành động!), trong đó ông đề nghị tranh đấu đòi thành lập Tổ chức Thế giới về môi sinh, và một Chính phủ toàn cầu (gouvernement mondial ). Một mơ ước hão huyền ( utopie )? Tất cả những thay đổi lớn trong lịch sử, theo Hessel, đều là những utopie khi khởi sự.

Cuốn thứ ba, le Chemin de l’Espérance (Con đường của hy vọng) (3), viết chung với nhà xã hội học hàng đầu của Pháp, Edgar Morin, trong đó hai ông già, tổng cộng 184 tuổi vạch ra con đường hy vọng để đi đến một tương lai tốt đẹp hơn.

Il faut vivre indigne

Hessel nối tiếp truyền thống của trí thức Zola, Camus. Emile Zola viết : Il faut vivre indigné! (phải sống phẫn nộ). Từ Zola, trí thức đích thưc là trí thức tham dự sinh hoạt xã hội, chính trị để cải thiện xã hội, không phải chỉ là những người có kiến thức. Ở Việt Nam, ngay cả kiến thức cũng không cần thiết. Trí thức chỉ cần có bằng cấp. Học gạo, học tủ, chong đèn học thuộc lòng, có xong cái bằng là trở thành trí thức, là khuôn vàng thước ngọc. Có bằng vừa vừa là trí thức vừa vừa, có bằng to hơn là đại trí thức… Trí thức vừa vừa được kính trọng vừa vừa, đại trí thức được kính cẩn tối đa.

Albert Camus nói trí thức cũng như mọi người, hơn mọi người chính bởi vì anh là trí thức, phải ghé vai gánh vác như mọi người, phải đổ mồ hôi chèo thuyền như mọi người. Khác hẳn hình ảnh trí thức ‘võng anh đi trước, võng nàng theo sau’ của người Việt Nam, có cái bằng bỏ túi là vinh hiển suốt đời, phó mặc chuyện đời cho thiên hạ.

Nguồn [ dailynews.sina.com , 17/06/2011 ]

Cuốn sách “Bạn nên phẫn nộ như thế nào” của Stephane Hesel do NXB Indigen xuất bản tháng 10/2010 là cuốn sách bán chạy nhất. Trả lời phỏng vấn mới đây, ông Hessel nói mục đích ông viết là để: “Cổ vũ thanh niên phải biết tự tin, phải có năng lực đổi mới thế giới. Thế giới đang cần phải cải cách lớn. Cổ vũ thanh niên hãy tìm ra nguyên nhân gì làm cho mình nổi giận. Hãy biểu đạt hành động phẫn nộ của mình bằng kháng nghị hòa bình đó mới là điều quan trọng”. Ông Hessel đã từng 5 lần đi nghiên cứu xã hội ở Gaza. Ông nói: “ Đi một vòng Gaza, bất kỳ ai cũng thấy được sâu sắc sự bất công bất nghĩa, toàn dân Palestin là những người bị hại”. Khi ký giả hỏi đề cập đến Trung Quốc, ông Hessel nói: “Nội bộ Trung Quốc đã xuất hiện những tiếng nói phẫn nộ từ nhân dân, ví dụ ở Tân Cương, Tây Tạng, v.v. Toàn bộ phát triển liên tục 30 năm qua thể hiện rõ rằng cách sống đã không còn như 30 năm trước. Nên hy vọng manh nha ở tầng lớp trí thức một lực lượng phản kháng”. Ông nói, sách của ông đã được dịch sang Trung Văn. Một NXB dũng cảm của TQ muốn xuất bản cuốn sách này, đang còn chờ thái độ của nhà đương cục. Một công ty truyền thông ở Bắc Kinh đã ký bản quyền với NXB Indigene. Nhà xuất bản Indigene cho biết, bản Trung Văn dự tính bán với giá 20 Tệ (tương đương 89 Đài Tệ), phía TQ dự định ấn hành 300 ngàn bản. Một nhóm trí thức và chính giới Châu Âu vào tháng 04/2011 công khai tuyên bố ủng hộ Ông Stephen Hesel đoạt giải hòa bình Nobel.

Biết được thông tin nhờ nguồn:

Nguồn [ diendantheky.net, 29/06/2012 , Tu Thuc ]

Nguồn [ dailynews.sina.com , 17/06/2011 ]

Mặt Trời ngày nửa bên Đông

Nửa sau nó đã ở vòng bên Tây

Trao đổi chậm lắm một ngày

Cớ sao sách mới chậm tày hai năm ?

Từ mạng, tôi đã chép xong

Bạn khi bức xúc, nghỉ nằm đọc chơi

Thư dãn cũng được một hồi

Lại còn hữu ích trau dồi tiếng Anh

Mua sách ngoại ngữ bực mình

Quyển gốc nó xé ra thành nhiều phên

Nhiều đầu sách, bán lắm tiền

Chẳng nghĩ tốn giấy, người tìm tốn công.

Làm sách phải kẻ có tâm

Như “Chữ Việt cổ” ghi công Cụ Xuyền.

Indignez-vous ! By Stephane Hessel, 93

Page 1

Much the very last step. The end is not far away. What chance to take this opportunity to recall what has served as base for my political engagement: the years of resistance and the sixty-six years program developed by the National Council of Resistance! It was Jean Moulin that we owe, through this Council, the meeting of all parts of occupied France, movements, parties, trade unions, to proclaim their adherence of the Fighting France and the only leader that it is recognized: General de Gaulle. In London, where I had joined General de Gaulle in March 1941, I learn that this Council had developed a program, which was adopted in March 1944 and which porposed to Liberated France a set up principles and values which supported the democracy of our modern country. Of these principles and values, is that we need today more than ever. It behooves us all together to ensure that our society in whichs we are proud of: not of this society of undocumented papers, expulsions, suspisions against immigrants, not this society that challenges pensions, the achievements of Social Security, not this society where the media are in the hands of the moneyed classes, all things that we would have refused to endorse if we were he the true heirs of the National Council of Resistance. From 1945, after a terrible tragedy, it was an ambitions resurrection which engaged the forces present in the Council of Resistance. Remember, then they created Social Security as the Resistance Wished, as the program stated: “ A comprehensive plan for Social Security, to ensure livelihoods for all citizens, in all cases or if they are unable to obtain them through work”, “ a pension to the old workers to assure a dignified end of their days”. The energy sourses, electricity and gas, coal, the major banks were nationalized.

Page 2

That is what this program was still stating: “ the return to the nation of the major means of production, produced by common sourses of energy, wealth of the subsoil, insurance companies and large banks”, “ the establishment of genutre economic and social democracy involving the eriction of large feudal economic and financial that directed the economy”. The public interest must prevail over the interest individual, the fain shuring of the wealth created by the world of work ovrride the power of money. The Resistance said “ a rational organization of the economy to ensure the subordination of special individual interests to the public interest and free from the dictatorship introduced to the professional image of fascist states. A real democracy needs a free press, and the Resistance knows this and states “ The press freedom it is honor and indeprndence againts the power of the States, the power of money and foreign influences”. That is what turns further order on the press in 1944. Yet that is what is now in danger. The Resistance was calling for “an effective opportunity for all French children to benefit from the most developed education” without discimination, yet the reforms proposed in 2008 go against this projest. Young teachers, which actions I support, were up to refuse to apply them and they saw their wages cut as a punishment. “They were outraged, have disobeyed” and found these reforms too far from the ideal of the republical school, too much in the service of the money society and not enough developing the creactive and critical thinking. It is just the base of the social conquest of the Resistance which is now in question (2)

Page 3

The reason of the Resistance was outrage

We dare say that the State was no longer covering the cost of these civic action. But how can it lack today the money to maintain and extend these achievements while production of wealth has increased considerably since the liberation period when Europe was ruined ? If not because the power of money, so fought by the Resistance, has never been greeter, insolent, selfish, with his own servants into the highest echelons of the State. Banks are now privatized and first show of their conscious of their leaders, not the general interest. The gap between the poorest and richest has never been so important, and the race for money, the competition has never been so encouraged. The basic pattern of resistance was indignation. We, veterans of resistance movements and fighting forces of Liberated France, we call the younger generations to stand up, to transmit the heritage of Resistance and its ideals, we say take over, cry out ! The political and economic responsibles, the intelectuals and all society shall not resign or be intimidated by the current international dictatorship of finalcial makers that threatens the peace and democracy. I wish you all, to each of you to have your design indignation. Is invaluable. When something get you outraged, as I was outraged by the Naziz, then you have to become an activist, strong and committed. We joined the streem of history and the mainstreem of the history must continue through each. Sand this trend is towards more justice, more freedom but not this freedom of uncontrolled fox in the henhouse. These rights, including the Universal Declaration drafted the program in 1948, are Universal, if you meet someone who doesnot benefit of these, help him to conquer them.

Page 4

Two visions of History

When I try to understand what coused fascism, what coused the invasion by it and by Vichy, I tell myself that the wealthy, with their selfishness, have been terribly afraid of the Bolshevik revolution.They have been guided by their fears. But if today as then, a vocal minority stands, this will suffice, we will leaven so that the dough rises. Admittedly, the experience of young people today. I often asks colleage teachers the opportunity to intervene to their students, and I tell them: You don’t have some obvious reasons for committing. For us to resist, was not accept the German occupation, the defeat. It was relatively simple. Simple as what followed, decolonization. Then the war of Algeria. It was that Algeria become independent, it was obvious. As for Stalin, we all applauded the victory of the Red Army againts the Naziz in 1943. But even if we had knowledge of the great Stalinist trails of 1935, and even whether to keep an ear open counterbalance to communism of American capitalism, the need to oppose this intolerable form of totalitarianism was an obvious move. My long life has given me a succession of reasons to be indignant. These reasons are born less from an emotion and more from a consious commitment. Being young and very marked by Sartre, a senior classmate. Nausea, The Wall, Being and Nothingness were very important in shaping my thinking. Sartre taught us to say: “You are responsible as individuals”. It was a libertarian messaage. The responsibility of man who can not rely on a power or a god. Instead, we must engage on behalf of its responsibility as a human.

Page 5

When I went to the École normale, in 1939, I intered it was a fervent discrible of the Hegel, and I followed the Maurice Merleau-Party Seminar. His teaching explored concrete experience, that of the body and its relationship with the senses. But my natural optimism, which means that everything is desirable or possible, I was rather from Hegel. The Hegelianism interprets the long history of humanity as having a meaning: mans freedom is progressing step by step. History is made of successive shocks. The history of society progress, and then, man having reached its full freedom, has democratic stale for ideal form. There are of course other concepts of history. Progress made by freedom, competition, the race “of more”, this may be experienced as a destructive hurricane. Thus represents a friend of my father, the man who shared with him the task to translate into German In Seach of Lost Time by Marcel Proust. He is the German philosopher Walter Benjamin. He pulled a pessimistic message out of Paul Klees Angelus Norus painting where the figure of angel opens his arms as if to contain and repel a storm that he identified with progress. For Benjamin who committied suicide in September 1940 to escape Nazism, the sense of history is the irresistible path of disaster into disaster.

In difference: the worst attitude

True, the reasons for outrage today may seem less net or the world too complex. Who controls who decides? It is not always easy to distinguish between all the currents that govern us. We are no longer dealing with a small elite whos actions we clearly understand. It is a vast world, we feel that it is inderpendent.

Page 6

We live in an inter connectivity that has never existed. But in this world, some things are unbearable. To see this, we must look, search. I tell young people: Look for a bit, you will find. The worst attitude is indifference, saying “I can not do enything, I am doing my job”. By having this, you lose one of the components which is essenting in humans. One of the essential components: the faculty of outrage and its consequence-commitment. We can already identify two major challenges=1. The huge gap between the very poor anh very rich and which continues to grow. This is an innovation of the twentieth and twenty first century. The very poor in the world today earn just two dollars per day. We can not let that gap widen further. This statement alone should generate commitment. Human rights and the stale of the planet. I had the chance after Liberation of being involved in drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rightsn adopted by the United Nations, 10 December 1948 in Paris at the Palais de Chaillot. It is under Chief Henri Laugier, Assistant Secretary General of UN, and Secretary of the Commission on Human Rights that together with others we were to participate in the drafting of the declaration. I can not forget, in its development, the role of René Cassin, curator National Justice and Education. Government of Free France, in London 1941, which was awarded the Nobel peace in 1968, nor that of Pierre Mendes France in the Economic and Social Council to whom the texts that we developed were subjected before being cosidered by the Third Committee of the General Assembly, responsible for matters Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee. The UN has fifty-four Member States at the time, and I assured the secretariat. René Cassin was the one whom we owe the term “universal rights and not” international as suggested by our Anglo-Saxon frieds.

Page 7

For there is much at stake at the end of the War World: emancipate from the threats posed to humanity by Totalitarialism. To emancipate we must ensure that each Member State of United Nations undertakes to respect these universal rights. It is a way to defeat the argument of full suvereignty that a State may asset while engaging in crimes againts humanity on its soil. This was the case of Hitler who considered himself his own master and allowed to cause genocide. The Universal Declaration owes much to the univesal revoluion againts Nazism, fascism, totalitarianism, and even, by our presence, the spirit of the Resistance. I can not resist the urge to quote Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “Every one has the right to a nationality” and Article 22: “ Every one as a member of the society has the right to social society and is entitled to the satisfaction of economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for dignity and the free develop mount of his personality, thanks to the national efforts and international cooperation, taking into account the organization and resources of each country”. And if this statmen has a diclarative scope, and not legal, it has neverthless played a powerfull role since 1948; we saw colonized peope in their grasp struggle for independence, and stocked their minds in battle for freedom. I note with pleasure that in recent decades have increased the number of non-governmental organizations, social movements as ATTAC (Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions), FIDH (International Federation of Human Rights), Amnesty… who are acting and performing. It is obvious that to be effective today, we must act in a network, take adventage for all means of mordern commuication. For young people, I say look aroud you, if you will find themes that justyfy your outrage- the treatmen made to immigrants, undocumented migrants, Roma. You will find concrete situations that lead you to give play strong citizen action. Seek and you shall find !

Page 8

My indignation about Palestine

Today, my biggets outrage is for Palestine, Gaza, Cisjordania. This conflict is the source of indignation. You must read report of September 2009 of Richart Goldstone on Gaza, in which the South African Judge, Jewish, accuses Israel of committing “acts amounting to war crimes and perhaps in some circumstances, crimes againt humanity” during its operation “Cast Lead” which lasted three weeks. I myself returned to Gaza in 2009, where I was able to enter with my wife through out diplommatic pasports in order to “Study firsthand what the report said”. The people who accompanied us have not been allowed into the Gaza Strip. There and in the Cisjordania. We also visited the Palestinian refugee camps set up in 1948 by UN agency, UNRWA, where more than three million Palestinians hunted from the land by Israel are waiting for a Return that is increasingly problematie. As for Gaza, in a under the sky prison for a million an half Palestinians. A prison where they survice. More than the material destructions like the Red Cross hospital in Cast Lead, is the behavior of Gazans, their patriotism. Their love of the sea and beaches, their consultant concern for the welfare of their children, countless, laughing, that haunt our memory.

Page 9

We were impressed by their clever way to deal with all shortages imposed on them. We saw them make the fault cement bricks to rebild thausands of houses destroed by tanks. We confiened that there had been one thousands and four hundred dead-women, children and old included, in the Palstinian Camp-during this operation “Cast Lead” by Israeli Army againts only fifty wounded Israelis. I shared the findings with the South African Judge. That Jews could commit themselves to war crimes, it is unberable. Alas, history gives litle exambles of people who learn from their owe history. I know that Hamas who won the recent parleamentary elections wan unable to avoid being sent rockets on Israeli towns in response to the situation of isolation and blockade in which Gazans are. I abviously think that when you are bysy with military means infinitely superior to yours, the popular reaction can not be nonviolent. It is what its for the Hamas to send rockets into the city Sderot ? The answer is no. It does not help its cause, but we can explain this gesture by the exasperation of Gazans. In the concept of exasperation one needs to understand violence as a regrettable conclusion to an unacceptable situation for those affected. So we can say that terrorism is a form of exasperation. And that exasperation is a negative term. It should not be ex-asperation, it must be es-perer (hope). The exasperation is a denial of hope. It is understanable, I would almost say it is natural, but so far is not accceptable. Because that It does not provide the results that may eventually produce hope.

Page 10

Non violence, the path we mút learn to follow

I am convinced that future belongs to non-violence, to reconcili action of different cultures. This is the way that humanity must cross the next step. And I agree with Sartre, we can not excurse torrorist who throw bombs, they can be understood. Sartre wrote in 1947: “I accept that violence manifested in any form is a failure. But it is an inevitable failure because we are in a world of violence. And it is true that the use of violence is violence that is likely to perpetuate, it is true that only way is to stop. What we would add is that non-violence is a sefe way to stop it. We can not support terrorist as Sartre did on behalf of this principle during the Algeria war or during the attact on the Munich game in 1972, committed against Israeli athletes. This is not efficient and Sartre himself eventually wonder at the end of his life on the meaning of terrorism and questioned its reason. “Violence is not effective”, is far more important than whether we should condemn or not those who deliver it. Terrorism is not effective. In the concept of efficiency, I choose a non-violence hope. If there is a violent hope is in the poetry of Guillaume Apollinaire: “That hope is violent” not politics. Sartre in March 1980, three weeks before his death, said: “We must try explain why the world today, which is horrible, is only one moment in a long historical development, that Hope has always been one of the dominant forces of revolutions and in surections, and how I still feel that hope is my conception for the future. We must understand that violence turns his back on hope. And that he preferred hope, the hope of non-violence. This is the path we must learn to follow. From either side of the oppressors or of the oppressed, we must come to a negotiation to remove the oppression; it is thereby to no longer have terrorist violence.

Page 11

Therefore we must not let accumulate too much hate. The message of Mandela, of Martin Luther King finds its relevance in a world which has exceeded the comparition of ideologies and totalitarism conqueror. This is a message of hope in modern societies capacity to overcome coflicts by mutual understanding and vigilant patience. If so, if besed on rights, the violation of them should provoke our indignation. There is not compromise on these rights.

Foe a peacefull uprising

I have noted- and I am not the only- the Israeli government respose to the fact that every Friday citizens of Bil id will come, without throwing stones without using force, to the wall in protest. The Israeli authorities have called the march of “non-violent terrorism”. Not bad… It was Israel to called the terrorist nonviolent. They were especially embarrased by the efficiency of non-violence that is committed to ensuring it raises the support, understanding, support of all those who in the world are the enemies of oppression. Productivist thinking, driven by the West, led the world in a crisis that we must avoid a radical break with the headlong rash of “ growing” in the financial field but also in sciense and technology. It is high time for the sake of ethics, justice, sustainable balance prevalut for the most serious risks we face. They can put an end to the human adventure on a planet that it can make it uninhabitable for man.

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But it remains true that important progress has been made since 1948: decolonization, the end of apartheid, the distruction of the Soviet empire, the fall of the Berlin Wall. On the contracy, the first decade of the twenty first century was a period of decline. This fale, I explained it in part by the U.S. President Gorge Bush, September 11, and disastrous consequences as “have drawn the United States in this militaty intervention in Iraq”. We had this economic crisis, but we did not futher initiated a new policy development. Similarly the Copenhagen Summit against global warming did not permited to engage in a genuine policy for protecting the planet. We are at a threshold between the horros of the first decade and opportynities in the following decades. But hopefull, there is always hope. The previous decade, the 1990s, had been of great progress. The UN has been able to convence conferences like those of Rio on Environment in 1992, that of Beijing on Women in 1995 and in September 2000, at the initiation of Secretary General Unites Nations, Kofi Annan, the 191 member countries adopted the statement on the “Eight Millennium Development Goals” by which they undertake to halve poverty in the world by 2015. My great regret, is that neither Obama nor the EU has so far been manifested with what should be their contribution to a constructive phase, pressing the fundamental values. How to conclude the call to outrage ? Recalling further that, on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the National Programme Resistance, we said March 8, 2004, we veterans Resistance movements and fighting forces of Free France (1940-1945), although that “Nazism was defeated, thanks to the sacrifice of our brothers and sisters of the Resistance and the UN against Fascist barbarism.

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But this threats not disappeared totally and our anger against Injustice is still infact. No, this threat has not disappeared completely. Also we call today to a real peaseful insurrection against the means of mass communication that do not offer a harizon for our youth, mass consumption, the contempt for the weakest, and culture, generalized amnisia and excessive competition of all against all. To those who will make the twenty-first century, we say with our affection: “CREATE is to resist. RESIST IS TO CREATE”.